Hygienic air is essential to human life, and in this modern age, that requires air cleaners. There are a few different methods of air cleaning, like Filtration, Electro-static Precipitation and Ion Generation. Air Filtration cleans air through the removal of sub-micron particulate, gases and odors. If you are plagued by allergies or asthma, an air filter might help you. Air filters are the best tools for eradicating allergens from the house. Particularly for those people who are suffering from asthma and allergies, both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the American Lung Association recommend air filtration. The ability to remove allergens and contaminants depends on the amount of air drawn through the filter. Factors that affect filter efficiency include fiber size, fiber density, airflow rate, and particle diameter. Air filters may be centralized, in-home filtration systems or portable devices. When the air quality problems exist throughout the house, then a centralized filtration system is needed. Otherwise, portable cleaner may serve the purpose of air filtration.There are four major types of air filters, depending on specific needs. They are:Mechanical FiltersThese filters force air through a special screen that traps pollen, dust particulate, smoke and air-borne irritants and pet dander. The best example of this type of filters is HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter.Gas Phase Filters These air filters are used for removing odors and other types of pollutants such as gases from cooking, paints, perfume etc. These filters are not meant for the removal of allergens in the home.Electronic Filters In these types of filters, allergens are trapped through electrostatic precipitators with a fan. Electronic filters use electric charges to attract contaminants. Hybrid Filters These air filters combine electrostatic and mechanical filters. These are used to trap allergens rather than gas based contaminants.Another type of air filters is the Ozone air filter, but it is not environment-friendly. When purchasing an air filter, one has to consider things like which type of allergens will be removed, the filter’s efficiency with respect to HEPA standards, the clean air delivery rate (CADR) of the filter, the ease of changing the filter, and the noise that it will make. Changing air filters regularly facilitates is ability to improve the quality of air.
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In tighter, more energy-efficient buildings, pollutants are not as readily removed by natural ventilation. Filters or electronic air cleaners trap particulates (tiny particles) from the air flowing through them and recirculate the cleaned air back to the building interior.
In Forced-Air Systems: Cleaners can be installed in central forced-air heating or cooling systems by heating or air conditioning contractors. Standard filters, of disposable fiberglass (commonly used in furnaces) or washable metal mesh cost the least but are the least efficient, trapping only large particles.
Media filters contain a medium, such as cellulose, activated charcoal, etc. which traps smaller particles and which must be replaced at least annually. A medium such as charcoal will remove odors from the air.
Electronic air cleaners are by far the most efficient cleaners of indoor air and the most expensive. They attract and retain pollutants like a powerful magnet. Millions of airborne dust, smoke, and pollen particles are carried through return air ducts to the electronic air cleaner. When they reach the unit, the larger particles are trapped by a screen prefilter. Smaller particles pass through to the ionizing section where they receive an electrical charge. These charged particles continue through the cell to the collecting area where they are attracted to a series of grounded plates. The pollutants are held in this section until washed away during cleaning. Electronic air cleaners are 10 to 20 times more efficient than standard filters.
Portable Air Cleaners: These also operate with a filter, standard or media type, or are electronic air cleaners. Some will clean air in only one room; others are large enough to clean air in two or more rooms.
An electronic cleaner produces negative ions that are attracted to the pollutants. All units with claims saying that they clean the air electronically may not have a negative-ion generator. Units that have a negative-ion generator may produce some ozone.
The units operate in one of two ways. In the first type, negative ions are expelled to room air where the ions attach themselves to pollutants that become negatively charged and are attracted to the nearest positive surface. These deposited pollutants must be removed from surfaces in the room. In the second type, air is drawn through a prefilter in the unit that removes larger particles of pollen and dust and traps some tobacco smoke and odors. The generator in the unit produces negative ions that attach to small particles of dust, smoke and other pollutants as the air passes through the cleaner. The charged particles are then attracted to a positively charged plate before the air is returned to the room. A fan is needed to pull air through the charging area and to return the cleaned air to the room. The prefilter and the plate collector must be cleaned periodically by washing, or be replaced.
Consumers considering the purchase of an air cleaner/freshener should determine type of air cleaning needed to provide the desired air quality. If odor and larger particle removal would result in satisfactory air quality, the filtering system cleaner may be adequate. If fine particles that may cause allergic reactions must be removed an electronic unit may be needed at a higher price.
Air Cleaners--Cleaning: For any air filter to work efficiently, it must be cleaned or replaced from time to time. Dirty filters add up to more money for the consumer because they force the heating/cooling system to circulate the air while pulling it through a clogged and dirty filter.
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